Referenceliste
Introduktion

Referencer 1.1

  1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660. Epub 2021 Feb 4. PMID: 33538338.
  2. Bukavina L, Bensalah K, Bray F, Carlo M, Challacombe B, Karam JA, et al. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2022 Update. Eur Urol. 2022;82(5):529-542. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.019. Epub 2022 Sep 10. PMID: 36100483.
  3. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa. Renalcellecarcinomer-onkologisk behandling. Version 3.0 Kliniske Retningslinjer.
  4. RADS. Baggrundsnotat for medicinsk behandling af metastaserende nyrekrƦft. 2016.

Referencer 1.2

  1. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019;1-15.
  2. Linehan WM, Rini BI, Yang JC. Cancer of the kidney. In: DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA, editors. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenbergā€™s Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. p. 1161-1182.
  3. Zhou M, Hattab EM, Eble JN, Cheng L. Neoplasms of the kidney. In: Zhou M, Galluzzi-Magi C, editors. Genitourinary Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015. p. 306-377.
  4. https://www.europeanurology.com/article/S0302-2838(18)30633-X/fulltext
  5. Bukavina L, et al. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2022 Update European UrologyVol. 82Issue 5p529ā€“542Published online: September 10, 2022

Referencer 1.3

  1. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Urinary and Male Genital Tumours. In: WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th Edition, Volume 8. 2022. ISBN 978-92-832-4512-4.
  2. Moch, H., et al. The 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours. Eur Urol, 2022. 82: 458.
  3. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Urinary and Male Genital Tumours. In: WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th Edition, Volume 8. 2022. ISBN 978-92-832-4512-4.
  4. Hora, M., et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines Panel on Renal Cell Carcinoma Update on the New World Health Organization Classification of Kidney Tumours 2022: The Urologistā€™s Point of View. Eur Urol, 2023. 83: 97.
  5. Amin, M.B., et al. Collecting duct carcinoma versus renal medullary carcinoma: an appeal for nosologic and biological clarity. Am J Surg Pathol, 2014. 38: 871.
  6. Abern, M.R., et al. Characteristics and outcomes of tumors arising from the distal nephron. Urology, 2012. 80: 140.
  7. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma 2024. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guidelines/renal-cell-carcinoma/chapter/epidemiology-aetiology-and-pathology

Referencer 1.4

  1. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa. Renalcellecarcinomer – Kirurgisk behandling. Version 3.1. Kliniske Retningslinjer. Faglig godkendelse 12. januar 2024. Administrativ godkendelse 12. marts 2024.
  2. Dudani S, de Velasco G, Wells JC, Gan CL, Donskov F, Porta C, Fraccon A, Pasini F, Lee JL, Hansen A, Bjarnason GA, Beuselinck B, Pal SK, Yuasa T, Kroeger N, Kanesvaran R, Reaume MN, Canil C, Choueiri TK, Heng DYC. Evaluation of Clear Cell, Papillary, and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis Sites and Association With Survival. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jan 4;4(1):e2021869. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21869. PMID: 33475752; PMCID: PMC7821027.

Referencer 1.5

  1. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma 2024. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guidelines/renal-cell-carcinoma/chapter/staging-and-classification-systems
  2. Van de Pol, J.A.A., et al. Etiologic heterogeneity of clear-cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Int J Cancer, 2021. 148: 67.

Referencer 1.6

  1. Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1119-1132.
  2. Linehan WM, Bratslavsky G, Pinto PA, et al. Molecular diagnosis and therapy of kidney cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:329-343.
  3. Semenza GL. HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(9):3664-3671.
  4. Banumathy G, Cairns P. Signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(7):658-664.
  5. Pili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, editors. Abeloffā€™s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014. p. 1416-1444.
  6. Choueiri TK, et al. Nivolumab versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1814-23.
  7. Gibney GT, et al. Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced, programmed death ligand 1-positive, non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 1 trial. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(7):343-9.
  8. Rankin EB, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 regulates hepatic lipid metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(37):13373-8.
  9. Zhou L, et al. Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of the hypoxia-inducible factor-2Ī± in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2016;35(21):2687-97.
Symptomer og diagnose

Referencer 2.1

  1. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa. Renalcellecarcinomer – onkologisk behandling. Version 3.0. Kliniske Retningslinjer. Faglig godkendelse 25. januar 2024. Administrativ godkendelse 12. februar 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/siteassets/kliniske-retningslinjerā€”skabeloner-og-vejledninger/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-pa-dmcg/darenca/darenca_onkologi_v3.0_admgod_120224.pdf.

Referencer 2.2

  1. ESMO Guidelines: European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines.
  2. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa Kliniske Retningslinjer 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/Kliniske-retningslinjer/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-paa-dmcg/nyrecancer/
  3. NCCN Guidelines: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Available from: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines.

Referencer 2.3

  1. ESMO Guidelines: European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines.
  2. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa Kliniske Retningslinjer 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/Kliniske-retningslinjer/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-paa-dmcg/nyrecancer/
  3. NCCN Guidelines: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Available from: https://www.nccn.org/guidelines.
  4. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma. 2024. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma.

Referencer 2.4

  1. Prognostication in Kidney Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Directions Jeffrey Graham, Shaan Dudani, and Daniel Y.C. Heng
  2. European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines.
  3. Motzer RJ, Bacik J, Murphy BA, et al:Interferon-alfa as a comparative treatment for clinical trials of new therapies against advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 20:289-296, 2002
  4. International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC). Last accessed: April 2024. Available from: https://www.imdconline.com.

Referencer 2.5

  1. Prognostication in Kidney Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Directions Jeffrey Graham, Shaan Dudani, and Daniel Y.C. Heng
  2. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma. 2024. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma.
  3. Gladell P. Paner, Walter M. Stadler, Donna E. Hansel, Rodolfo Montironi, Daniel W. Lin, Mahul B. Amin, Updates in the Eighth Edition of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging Classification for Urologic Cancers, European Urology, Volume 73, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 560-569, ISSN 0302-2838,
  4. Delahunt B, Cheville JC, Martignoni G, Humphrey PA, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney J, Egevad L, Algaba F, Moch H, Grignon DJ, Montironi R, Srigley JR; Members of the ISUP Renal Tumor Panel. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading system for renal cell carcinoma and other prognostic parameters. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 Oct;37(10):1490-504. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318299f0fb. PMID: 24025520.
HĆ„ndtering af mRCC

Referencer 3.1

  1. ESMO Guidelines: European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines.
  2. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa Kliniske Retningslinjer 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/Kliniske-retningslinjer/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-paa-dmcg/nyrecancer/
  3. European Association of Urology. EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma. 2024. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma.
  4. MedicinrĆ„det. MedicinrĆ„dets protokol for en fƦlles behandlingsvejledning og lƦgemiddelrekommandation vedrĆørende nyrekrƦft. SygdomsomrĆ„de: KrƦftsygdomme (Cancer). Specifik sygdom: NyrekrƦft (Renalcellekarcinom). Anvendelse: NyrekrƦft. Fagudvalg: NyrekrƦft. Sidst opdateret: 08. juli 2024. Available from: https://medicinraadet.dk/anbefalingerogvejledninger/behandlingsvejledningeroglaegemiddelrekommandationer/nyrekraeft#:~:text=Medicinr%C3%A5dets%20protokol%20for%20en%20f%C3%A6lles.

Reference 3.2

  1. The Cancer Department, Herlev Hospital

Reference 3.3

  1. The Cancer Department Herlev Hospital

Referencer 3.4

  1. Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228-47.
  2. Seymour L, Bogaerts J, Perrone A, Ford R, Schwartz LH, Mandrekar S, et al. iRECIST: guidelines for response criteria for use in trials testing immunotherapeutics. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(3):e143-52.

Referencer 3.5

  1. Andersen S, Ottesen S, Neergaard MA, Jespersen B, SĆørensen J. Symptomkontrol i palliativ medicin. 6th ed. Copenhagen: FADLā€™s Forlag; 2019.
  2. SKA (sammenslutningen af danske krƦftafdelinger), http://www.skaccd.org/

Referencer 3.6

  1. Oken, M.M., Creech, R.H., Tormey, D.C., Horton, J., Davis, T.E., McFadden, E.T., Carbone, P.P.: Toxicity And Response Criteria Of The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 5:649-655, 1982
  2. Karnofsky DA, Burchenal JH. In: Evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents. MacLeod CM, editor. New York: Columbia University Press; 1949. The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer; pp. 191ā€“205
Behandling

Referencer 4.1

  1. Rini BI, Plimack ER, Stus V, Gafanov R, Waddell T, Nosov D, et al. Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib versus Sunitinib for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(12):1116-27.
  2. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa Kliniske Retningslinjer 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/Kliniske-retningslinjer/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-paa-dmcg/nyrecancer/
  3. Freed SZ, Halperin JP, Gordon M. Radiographic regression of metastases from renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1977;118(4):538-42.
  4. Bex A, Albiges L, Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Dabestani S, Giles RH, et al. Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients with Synchronous Metastatic Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2018;74(6):805-9.
  5. Bhindi B, Abel EJ, Albiges L, et al. Systematic review of the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the targeted therapy era and beyond: an individualized approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019;111-128.
  6. ESMO Guidelines: European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines.

Referencer 4.2

  1. Delacroix SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, et al, editors. Brenner & Rectorā€™s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1508-35.
  2. Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2016 update. European Association of Urology. [Accessed June 25, 2016]. Available from: https://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma/
  3. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25 Suppl 3:iii49-iii56.
  4. Pili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, editors. Abeloffā€™s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2014. p. 1416-44.e5. Chapter 82.
  5. Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1119-1132; DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4
  6. Banumathy G, Cairns P. Renal cell carcinoma: molecular biology and targeted therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(7):658-64.

Referencer 4.3

  1. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa Kliniske Retningslinjer 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/Kliniske-retningslinjer/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-paa-dmcg/nyrecancer/
  2. Fishman M, Choueiri TK, Fay AP, et al. Overall survival by clinical risk category for high dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) treated patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC): data from the PROCLAIMsm registry. J Immunother Cancer. 2019.
  3. Considine B, Hurwitz M. Current status and future directions of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019.
  4. Kjeldsen JW, Lorentzen CL, Martinenaite E, et al. Cancer immunotherapy. Ugeskr Laeger. 2018.
  5. Ribas A, Wolchok JD, Hodi FS, et al. Tumour immunotherapy directed at PD-1. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(26):2517-29.
  6. Kondrup T, Hansen S, Andersen MH, et al. Immunotherapy is cancer treatment with a completely new adverse reaction profile. Ugeskr Laeger. 2017.

Referencer 4.4

  1. Danish Cancer Society. Radiation therapy for cancer treatment. Available from: https://www.cancer.dk/fakta-kraeft/behandling-for-kraeft/behandlingsformer/straalebehandling/. Accessed 2024 Sep 4.
  2. Danish Multidisciplinary Cancer Groups (DMCG). DaRenCa Kliniske Retningslinjer 2024. Available from: https://www.dmcg.dk/Kliniske-retningslinjer/kliniske-retningslinjer-opdelt-paa-dmcg/nyrecancer/
  3. ESMO Guidelines: European Society for Medical Oncology. ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.esmo.org/guidelines.

Referencer 4.5

  1. Sinibaldi VJ, Smithfield R, Johnson T, et al. Kidney Cancer: Toxicity Management, Symptom Control, and Palliative Care. J Clin Oncol. 2018.
  2. Danish Cancer Society. Behandling for krƦft. Available from: https://www.cancer.dk/fakta-kraeft/behandling-for-kraeft/. Accessed 2024 Sep 4.
  3. Andersen S, et al. Symptomkontrol i palliativ medicin. 5th ed. Copenhagen: FADLā€™s Forlag; 2012.
HĆ„ndtering af toksicitet

Reference 5.1

  1. Schmidinger M. Understanding and managing toxicities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. EJC Suppl. 2013;11(2):172-191. doi:10.1016/j.ejcsup.2013.07.016

Reference 5.2.2

  1. Dobbin et al, Heart 2018
  2. Dansk Cardiologisk Selskab https://www.cardio.dk/

Reference 5.2.7

  1. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced hypothyroidism: incidence, etiology, and management – PubMed
  2. Dansk Endokrinologisk Selskab, Available from: https://endocrinology.dk/

Reference 5.3

  1. Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(2):158-168.
  2. Haanen JBAG, Carbonnel F, Robert C, Kerr KM, Peters S, Larkin J, Jordan K; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(suppl_4):iv119-iv141
  3. Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Schneider BJ, et al. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(17):1714-1768
  4. Nagai H, Muto M. Optimal management of immune-related adverse events resulting from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review and update. Int J Clin Oncol. 2018;23(3):410-420
  5. Kondrup M, Raunkilde L, Svane IM, Schmidt H, Bastholt L. Immunotherapy is cancer treatment with a completely new adverse reaction profile. Ugeskr Laeger. 2017;179(2):138-142
  6. Kennedy LB, Salama AKS. A review of cancer immunotherapy toxicity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(2):86-104
  7. Champiat S, Lambotte O, Barreau E, Belkhir R, Berdelou A, Carbonnel F, et al. Management of immune checkpoint blockade dysimmune toxicities: a collaborative position paper. Ann Oncol. 2016;27(4):559-574
Oversigt over alle kapitler