Targeteret eller m\u00e5lrettet kr\u00e6ftbehandling er medicin, der blokerer, \u00f8del\u00e6gger eller forstyrrer en specifik signalvej\/egenskab\/m\u00e5l i kr\u00e6ftcellerne, som er n\u00f8dvendig for, at kr\u00e6ftcellerne kan vokse og sprede sig. Der findes overordnet 2 typer:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n
Mutation eller methylering af VHL imiterer en hypoksisk (iltmangel) tilstand i kernen, s\u00e5ledes at proteinkomplekset pVHL ikke dannes og\/eller ikke kan nedbryde hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1\u03b1, HIF-2\u03b1 og HIF-3\u03b1), hvilket medf\u00f8rer HIF akkumulation i cellen. Dette resulterer i \u00f8get transkription af adskillige gener, som har betydning for:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n
Nyrekr\u00e6ft er kendetegnet ved en abnorm h\u00f8j dannelse af nye blodkar (angiogenese).<\/p>\n<\/div>
Kilde: 6<\/sup><\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>Tyrosinkinase receptorer<\/h4><\/div>Tyrosinkinase receptorer (TKR) sidder i cellemembranen og er vigtige regulatorer af cellev\u00e6kst og differentiering. De har en extracellul\u00e6r del, hvor ligand\/signalmolekylet binder sig og en cytoplasmatisk del, der fungerer som et enzym, der kan aktivere andre enzymer i cellen. Kinaser er enzymer, der fosforylerer dvs. overf\u00f8rer en fosfatgruppe. Eksempler p\u00e5 TKR: VEGFR, EGFR, PDGFR, insulin receptor m.m.<\/p>\nVed binding af en ligand (signalmolekyle) til tyrosinkinasereceptoren (TKR) p\u00e5 cellens yderside \u2013> to TKR g\u00e5r sammen og danner en dimer \u2013> de to TKR-haler fosforylerer hinandens tyrosin \u2013> TKR aktivt \u2013> aktivering af intracellul\u00e6re signalveje \u2013> celle respons.<\/p>\n<\/div>Virkningen af tyrosinkinase inhibitorer i mRCC1-4<\/sup><\/h4><\/div>Tyrosinkinase inhibitorer (TKI) er sm\u00e5 molekyler, der blokerer virkningen af TKR ved at h\u00e6mme kinasen p\u00e5 receptorens inderside. De tyrosinkinase inhibitorer, der anvendes i behandlingen af mRCC, h\u00e6mmer VEGF-receptoren (og evt. andre tyrosinkinase receptorer), som sidder p\u00e5 endothel- og tumorcellerne, hvilket h\u00e6mmer:<\/p>\n\nDannelsen af nye blodkar (angiogenesen)<\/li>\nTumorproliferation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n\nTKI kan h\u00e6mme andre TKR\u2019er inkl. platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), rearranged during transfection (RET), FMS-like tyrosine kinase-(FLT3), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), og KIT, som alle er vigtige regulatorer af normale cellul\u00e6re processer, men har ogs\u00e5 en afg\u00f8rende rolle i udvikling og progression af mange typer af kr\u00e6ft.2,3,4<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n\nNogle TKI\u2019er h\u00e6mmer ogs\u00e5 AXL og MET, som begge menes at v\u00e6re involveret i udviklingen af resistens til VEGFR.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>L\u00e6gemidler:<\/h4><\/div>\n\n\n\nSunitinib<\/a><\/li>\nPazopanib<\/a><\/li>\nAxitinib<\/a><\/li>\nCabozantinib<\/a><\/li>\nSorafenib<\/a><\/li>\nLenvatinib<\/a><\/li>\nTivozanib<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>Virkningen af monoklonalt antistof mod VEGF-A<\/h4><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>Bevacizumab<\/a> er et anti-VEGF-A rekombinant monoklonalt antistof, som binder og neutraliserer alle isoformer af cirkulerende VEGF-A. Virkningsmekanismen er s\u00e5ledes angiogenese h\u00e6mning.<\/p>\nBevacizumab er unders\u00f8gt med andre kombinationer inkl. IL-2\/interferon samt i kombination med checkpoint inhibitor.<\/p>\n<\/div>Virkningen af mTOR-h\u00e6mmere<\/h4><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>mTOR inhibitorer blokerer et enzym, der kaldes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). I kroppen binder mTOR inhibitorer sig f\u00f8rst til et protein kaldet FKBP-12, der findes i cellerne, hvorved det danner et \u201ckompleks\u201d. Dette kompleks h\u00e6mmer derefter mTOR. Da mTOR medvirker til at kontrollere cellernes deling og blodkarrenes v\u00e6kst, forhindrer mTOR inhibitorer tumorcellerne i at dele sig og reducerer blodforsyningen til dem. Dette forsinker kr\u00e6ftens v\u00e6kst og spredning.<\/p>\n<\/div>L\u00e6gemidler:<\/h4><\/div>\nTemsirolimus<\/a><\/li>\nEverolimus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Referencer<\/h4><\/div>\n\nDelacroix SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, et al, editors. Brenner & Rector\u2019s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1508-35.<\/i><\/li>\nLjungberg B, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2016 update. European Association of Urology. [Accessed June 25, 2016]. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guideline\/renal-cell-carcinoma\/<\/i><\/li>\nEscudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25 Suppl 3:iii49-iii56.<\/i><\/li>\nPili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, editors. Abeloff\u2019s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2014. p. 1416-44.e5. Chapter 82.<\/i><\/li>\nRini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1119-1132; DOI: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60229-4<\/i><\/li>\nBanumathy G, Cairns P. Renal cell carcinoma: molecular biology and targeted therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(7):658-64.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Tjek din viden<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Tyrosinkinase inhibitorer:<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>H\u00e6mmer immunforsvaret<\/label><\/div>H\u00e6mmer angiogenesen og tumorproliferation<\/label><\/div>H\u00e6mmer nyrernes funktion<\/label><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>(Det er helt anonymt at bruge quiz'en!)<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>Svaret er korrekt!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/i><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>Svaret er forkert!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/form><\/div>Forts\u00e6t til n\u00e6ste afsnit: 4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>Udforsk denne kapitelmenu<\/h5><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.1 Behandlingsmuligheder ved mRCC<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.2 Targeteret behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.4 Str\u00e5lebehandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.5 Underst\u00f8ttende behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7543,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7551"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12075,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions\/12075"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Tyrosinkinase receptorer (TKR) sidder i cellemembranen og er vigtige regulatorer af cellev\u00e6kst og differentiering. De har en extracellul\u00e6r del, hvor ligand\/signalmolekylet binder sig og en cytoplasmatisk del, der fungerer som et enzym, der kan aktivere andre enzymer i cellen. Kinaser er enzymer, der fosforylerer dvs. overf\u00f8rer en fosfatgruppe. Eksempler p\u00e5 TKR: VEGFR, EGFR, PDGFR, insulin receptor m.m.<\/p>\n
Ved binding af en ligand (signalmolekyle) til tyrosinkinasereceptoren (TKR) p\u00e5 cellens yderside \u2013> to TKR g\u00e5r sammen og danner en dimer \u2013> de to TKR-haler fosforylerer hinandens tyrosin \u2013> TKR aktivt \u2013> aktivering af intracellul\u00e6re signalveje \u2013> celle respons.<\/p>\n<\/div>
Tyrosinkinase inhibitorer (TKI) er sm\u00e5 molekyler, der blokerer virkningen af TKR ved at h\u00e6mme kinasen p\u00e5 receptorens inderside. De tyrosinkinase inhibitorer, der anvendes i behandlingen af mRCC, h\u00e6mmer VEGF-receptoren (og evt. andre tyrosinkinase receptorer), som sidder p\u00e5 endothel- og tumorcellerne, hvilket h\u00e6mmer:<\/p>\n
TKI kan h\u00e6mme andre TKR\u2019er inkl. platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), rearranged during transfection (RET), FMS-like tyrosine kinase-(FLT3), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), og KIT, som alle er vigtige regulatorer af normale cellul\u00e6re processer, men har ogs\u00e5 en afg\u00f8rende rolle i udvikling og progression af mange typer af kr\u00e6ft.2,3,4<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n\nNogle TKI\u2019er h\u00e6mmer ogs\u00e5 AXL og MET, som begge menes at v\u00e6re involveret i udviklingen af resistens til VEGFR.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>L\u00e6gemidler:<\/h4><\/div>\n\n\n\nSunitinib<\/a><\/li>\nPazopanib<\/a><\/li>\nAxitinib<\/a><\/li>\nCabozantinib<\/a><\/li>\nSorafenib<\/a><\/li>\nLenvatinib<\/a><\/li>\nTivozanib<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>Virkningen af monoklonalt antistof mod VEGF-A<\/h4><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>Bevacizumab<\/a> er et anti-VEGF-A rekombinant monoklonalt antistof, som binder og neutraliserer alle isoformer af cirkulerende VEGF-A. Virkningsmekanismen er s\u00e5ledes angiogenese h\u00e6mning.<\/p>\nBevacizumab er unders\u00f8gt med andre kombinationer inkl. IL-2\/interferon samt i kombination med checkpoint inhibitor.<\/p>\n<\/div>Virkningen af mTOR-h\u00e6mmere<\/h4><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>mTOR inhibitorer blokerer et enzym, der kaldes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). I kroppen binder mTOR inhibitorer sig f\u00f8rst til et protein kaldet FKBP-12, der findes i cellerne, hvorved det danner et \u201ckompleks\u201d. Dette kompleks h\u00e6mmer derefter mTOR. Da mTOR medvirker til at kontrollere cellernes deling og blodkarrenes v\u00e6kst, forhindrer mTOR inhibitorer tumorcellerne i at dele sig og reducerer blodforsyningen til dem. Dette forsinker kr\u00e6ftens v\u00e6kst og spredning.<\/p>\n<\/div>L\u00e6gemidler:<\/h4><\/div>\nTemsirolimus<\/a><\/li>\nEverolimus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Referencer<\/h4><\/div>\n\nDelacroix SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, et al, editors. Brenner & Rector\u2019s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1508-35.<\/i><\/li>\nLjungberg B, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2016 update. European Association of Urology. [Accessed June 25, 2016]. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guideline\/renal-cell-carcinoma\/<\/i><\/li>\nEscudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25 Suppl 3:iii49-iii56.<\/i><\/li>\nPili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, editors. Abeloff\u2019s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2014. p. 1416-44.e5. Chapter 82.<\/i><\/li>\nRini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1119-1132; DOI: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60229-4<\/i><\/li>\nBanumathy G, Cairns P. Renal cell carcinoma: molecular biology and targeted therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(7):658-64.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Tjek din viden<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Tyrosinkinase inhibitorer:<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>H\u00e6mmer immunforsvaret<\/label><\/div>H\u00e6mmer angiogenesen og tumorproliferation<\/label><\/div>H\u00e6mmer nyrernes funktion<\/label><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>(Det er helt anonymt at bruge quiz'en!)<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>Svaret er korrekt!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/i><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>Svaret er forkert!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/form><\/div>Forts\u00e6t til n\u00e6ste afsnit: 4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>Udforsk denne kapitelmenu<\/h5><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.1 Behandlingsmuligheder ved mRCC<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.2 Targeteret behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.4 Str\u00e5lebehandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.5 Underst\u00f8ttende behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7543,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7551"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12075,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions\/12075"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Nogle TKI\u2019er h\u00e6mmer ogs\u00e5 AXL og MET, som begge menes at v\u00e6re involveret i udviklingen af resistens til VEGFR.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>
Bevacizumab<\/a> er et anti-VEGF-A rekombinant monoklonalt antistof, som binder og neutraliserer alle isoformer af cirkulerende VEGF-A. Virkningsmekanismen er s\u00e5ledes angiogenese h\u00e6mning.<\/p>\nBevacizumab er unders\u00f8gt med andre kombinationer inkl. IL-2\/interferon samt i kombination med checkpoint inhibitor.<\/p>\n<\/div>Virkningen af mTOR-h\u00e6mmere<\/h4><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div>mTOR inhibitorer blokerer et enzym, der kaldes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). I kroppen binder mTOR inhibitorer sig f\u00f8rst til et protein kaldet FKBP-12, der findes i cellerne, hvorved det danner et \u201ckompleks\u201d. Dette kompleks h\u00e6mmer derefter mTOR. Da mTOR medvirker til at kontrollere cellernes deling og blodkarrenes v\u00e6kst, forhindrer mTOR inhibitorer tumorcellerne i at dele sig og reducerer blodforsyningen til dem. Dette forsinker kr\u00e6ftens v\u00e6kst og spredning.<\/p>\n<\/div>L\u00e6gemidler:<\/h4><\/div>\nTemsirolimus<\/a><\/li>\nEverolimus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Referencer<\/h4><\/div>\n\nDelacroix SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, et al, editors. Brenner & Rector\u2019s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 1508-35.<\/i><\/li>\nLjungberg B, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2016 update. European Association of Urology. [Accessed June 25, 2016]. Available from: https:\/\/uroweb.org\/guideline\/renal-cell-carcinoma\/<\/i><\/li>\nEscudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25 Suppl 3:iii49-iii56.<\/i><\/li>\nPili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, editors. Abeloff\u2019s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2014. p. 1416-44.e5. Chapter 82.<\/i><\/li>\nRini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1119-1132; DOI: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60229-4<\/i><\/li>\nBanumathy G, Cairns P. Renal cell carcinoma: molecular biology and targeted therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(7):658-64.<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>Tjek din viden<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Tyrosinkinase inhibitorer:<\/h5><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>H\u00e6mmer immunforsvaret<\/label><\/div>H\u00e6mmer angiogenesen og tumorproliferation<\/label><\/div>H\u00e6mmer nyrernes funktion<\/label><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>(Det er helt anonymt at bruge quiz'en!)<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>Svaret er korrekt!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/i><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>Svaret er forkert!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/form><\/div>Forts\u00e6t til n\u00e6ste afsnit: 4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>Udforsk denne kapitelmenu<\/h5><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.1 Behandlingsmuligheder ved mRCC<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.2 Targeteret behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.4 Str\u00e5lebehandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.5 Underst\u00f8ttende behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7543,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7551"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12075,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions\/12075"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Bevacizumab er unders\u00f8gt med andre kombinationer inkl. IL-2\/interferon samt i kombination med checkpoint inhibitor.<\/p>\n<\/div>
mTOR inhibitorer blokerer et enzym, der kaldes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). I kroppen binder mTOR inhibitorer sig f\u00f8rst til et protein kaldet FKBP-12, der findes i cellerne, hvorved det danner et \u201ckompleks\u201d. Dette kompleks h\u00e6mmer derefter mTOR. Da mTOR medvirker til at kontrollere cellernes deling og blodkarrenes v\u00e6kst, forhindrer mTOR inhibitorer tumorcellerne i at dele sig og reducerer blodforsyningen til dem. Dette forsinker kr\u00e6ftens v\u00e6kst og spredning.<\/p>\n<\/div>
(Det er helt anonymt at bruge quiz'en!)<\/small><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/i><\/div>\n<\/div>Svaret er korrekt!<\/p>\n<\/div><\/i><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div>Svaret er forkert!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/form><\/div>Forts\u00e6t til n\u00e6ste afsnit: 4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span>Udforsk denne kapitelmenu<\/h5><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.1 Behandlingsmuligheder ved mRCC<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.2 Targeteret behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.3 Immunterapi<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.4 Str\u00e5lebehandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div>4.5 Underst\u00f8ttende behandling<\/span><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":7543,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7551","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7551"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12075,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7551\/revisions\/12075"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7543"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/d1s07skqdwll4z.cloudfront.net\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Svaret er korrekt!<\/p>\n<\/div>
Svaret er forkert!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>