Treatment choices following determination of kidney cancer will be determined at a multidisciplinary team (MDT) conference attended by doctors from the Urological, Radiological, Clinical Physiological, Oncology Department, Pathology Department as well as a treatment coordinator. The choice of treatment will depend on the stage of the disease (TNM), the patient’s general condition and comorbidity. The following treatment options are available.

(See section on anatomical staging of RCC)

1. Kidney-sparing surgery (partial nephrectomy, enucleation) and ablative treatment (RFA, Cryo, Microwave)
2. Nephrectomy (laparoscopic, hand-assisted laparoscopic, robotic-assisted laparoscopic, open surgery, cavathrombus removal)
3. Active surveillance
4. Stereotactic radiotherapy of the kidney tumour
5. Cytoreductive nephrectomy prior to oncology treatment
6. Metastasis surgery/stereotactic radiotherapy

1. Observation
2. Targeted therapy
3. Immunotherapy
4. Palliative radiotherapy

(See section on treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC))

1. ESMO, EAU, DaRenCa and NCCN guidelines