Reference list
Introduction

Reference 1.1

  1. Azeem K, Kollarova H, Horakova D, Magnuskova S, Janout V. Genetic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma: a review. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2011;155(3):231-238.
  2. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practise Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 0: 1–15, 2019
  3. Nordcan database accessed May 2019
  4. RADS, “Baggrundsnotat for medicinsk behandling af metastaserende nyrekræft,” 2016
  5. WCRJ 2018, 5 (8)
  6. Ferlay et al, EJCA 103(2018) 356–387
  7. Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2016 update. European Association of Urology. https://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma/. Accessed 25 June 2016. .
  8. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer, JClinOncol 36 1018

Reference 1.2

  1. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practise Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 0: 1–15, 2019
  2. Linehan WM, Rini BI, Yang JC. Cancer of the kidney. I: DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA, eds. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011:1161–1182.
  3. Zhou M, Hattab EM, Eble JN, Cheng L. Neoplasms of the kidney. I: Zhou M, Galluzi-Magi C, eds. Genitourinary Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:306–377.
  4. Chow WH, Dong LM, Devesa SS. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2010;7(5):245–257.
  5. New 5 Kümmerlin IPED, Laguna MP, de la Rosette JJMCH, Bossuyt PMM. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. I: de la Rosette JJMCH, Sternberg CN, van Poppel HPA, eds. Renal Cell Cancer: Diagnosis and Therapy. London: Springer-Verlag; 2008:1-8.
  6. Kim I, Ha J, Lee JH, et al. The relationship between the occupational exposure of trichloroethylene and kidney cancer. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2014;26:1-9.
  7. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer, JClinOncol 36 1018

Reference 1.3

  1. DaRenCa guidelines
  2. ESMO, The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs – Part A: renal, penile and testicular tumours. Moch et al. Eur Urol 2016 (70)
  3. Deng FM, Melamed J. Histologic variants of renal cell carcinoma: does tumor type influence outcome? ol Clin North Am. 2012;39(2):119-132, v
  4. Delacroix Jr SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. I: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner & Recter’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:1508-1535
  5. Linehan WM, Rini BI, Yang JC. Cancer of the kidney. I: DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA, eds. DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg’s Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011:1161-1182
  6. Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, et al. Cabozantinib versus Everolimus in Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(19):1814-1823
  7. Zhou M, Hattab EM, Eble JN, Cheng L. Neoplasms of the kidney. I: Zhou M, Galluzi-Magi C, eds. Genitourinary Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015:306-377
  8. Lenehan & Zbar Cancer cell 2004

Reference 1.4

  1. DaRenCa årsrapport, http://ducg.dk/fileadmin/www.ducg.dk/Nyrecancer/DaRenCa_AArsrapport_2017-18.pdf
  2. Patard J, Culine S, Ravaud A. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma. I: Lyden D, Welch DR, Psaila B, eds. Cancer Metastasis: Biologic Basis and Therapeutics. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2011:387–394
  3. Otaibi MA, Tanguay S. Locally advanced renal cell carcinoma. Can Urol Assoc J. 2007;1(2 Suppl):S55-S61

Reference 1.5

  1. Kidney cancer (adult) – renal cell carcinoma. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003107-pdf.pdf. Accessed 14 June 2016.
  2. Delacroix Jr SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. I: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, Brenner BM, eds. Brenner & Recter’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:1508–1535.
  3. Deng FM, Melamed J. Histologic variants of renal cell carcinoma: does tumour type influence outcome? Urol Clin North Am. 2012;39(2):119-132, v.
  4. Kidney cancer stages. Cancer.Net. http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/kidney-cancer/stages. Accessed 20 June 2016.

Reference 1.6

  1. Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. 2009;373(9669):1119–1132.
  2. Linehan WM, Bratslavsky G, Pinto PA, et al. Molecular diagnosis and therapy of kidney cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:329-343.
  3. Semenza GL. HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(9):3664-3671.
  4. Banumathy G, Cairns P. Signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2010;10(7):658–664.
  5. Pili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. I: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014:1416–1444.
  6. Choueiri TK, et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:1814–23
  7. Gibney GT, et al. Ann Oncol 2013;24:343–9
  8. Rankin EB, et al. PNAS 2014;111:13373–8
  9. Zhou L, et al. Oncogene 2016;35:2687–97
Symptoms and diagnosis

Reference 2.1

  1. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®) – Kidney Cancer. NCCN.2018
  2. ESMO guidelines 2019
  3. EAU guidelines 2017
  4. DaRenCa guidelines

Reference 2.2

  1. ESMO, DaRenCa and NCCN guidelines

Reference 2.3

  1. ESMO, EAU, DaRenCa and NCCN guidelines

Reference 2.4

  1. Prognostication in Kidney Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Directions Jeffrey Graham, Shaan Dudani, and Daniel Y.C. Heng
  2. ESMO guidelines
  3. Motzer RJ, Bacik J, Murphy BA, et al:Interferon-alfa as a comparative treatment for clinical trials of new therapies against advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 20:289-296, 2002
  4. Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, et al: Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: Results from a large, multicentre study. J Clin Oncol 27: 5794–5799, 2009
  5. Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, et al: External validation and comparison with other models of the International Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium prognostic model: A population-based study. Lancet Oncol 14:141–148, 2013
  6. Kroeger N, Xie W, Lee JL, et al: Metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapy agents: Characterisation of survival outcome and application of the International mRCC Database Consortium criteria. Cancer 119: 2999–3006, 2013
  7. Ko JJ, Xie W, Kroeger N, et al: The International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium model as a prognostic tool in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma previously treated with first-line targeted therapy: A population-based study. Lancet Oncol 16:293–300, 2015
  8. Wells JC, Stukalin I, Norton C, et al: Third-line targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium. Eur Urol 71: 204–209, 2017
  9. Yip S, Wells C, Brandao Moreira R, et al: Real world experience of immuno-oncology agents in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results from the IMDC. J Clin Oncol 35:492, 2017 (6_suppl)

Reference 2.5

  1. Prognostication in Kidney Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Directions Jeffrey Graham, Shaan Dudani, and Daniel Y.C. Heng
  2. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma:
  3. B. Ljungberg (Chair), L. Albiges, K. Bensalah, A. Bex (Vice-chair), R.H. Giles (Patient Advocate), M. Hora, M.A. Kuczyk, T. Lam, L. Marconi, A.S. Merseburger, T. Powles,M. Staehler, A. Volpe Guidelines Associates: S. Dabestani, S. Fernández-Pello Montes, F. Hofmann, R. Tahbaz
  4. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†
  5. B. Escudier1, C. Porta2, M. Schmidinger3, N. Rioux-Leclercq4, A. Bex5, V. Khoo6,7, V. Gruenvald8 & A. Horwich9 on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Committee*
Management of mRCC

Reference 3.1

  1. ESMO guildeline, DaRenCa guideline EUA guideline
  2. Medicinrådet, https://medicinraadet.dk/media/eqenldkj/medicinr%C3%A5dets_behandlingsvejledning_vedr-_l%C3%A6gemidler_til_metastatisk_nyrekr%C3%A6ft-vers-_1-0_adlegacy.pdf

Reference 3.2

  1. The Cancer Department, Herlev Hospital

Reference 3.3

  1. The Cancer Department Herlev Hospital

Reference 3.4

  1. Eisenhauer EA et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: Revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). EJC 2019)
  2. Seymour et al. iRECIST: guidelines for response criteria for use in trials testing immunotherapeutics, Lancet Oncol 2017.

Reference 3.5

  1. Symptomkontrol i palliativ medicin 5. udg., Steen Andersen et al, FADL’s forlag, KBH 2012
  2. SKA guidelines

Reference 3.6

  1. Oken, M.M., Creech, R.H., Tormey, D.C., Horton, J., Davis, T.E., McFadden, E.T., Carbone, P.P.: Toxicity And Response Criteria Of The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Am J Clin Oncol 5:649-655, 1982
  2. Karnofsky DA, Burchenal JH. In: Evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents. MacLeod CM, editor. New York: Columbia University Press; 1949. The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer; pp. 191–205
Treatment

Reference 4.1

  1. Active surveillance in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: a prospective, phase 2 trial. Rini B et al. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 1317–24.
  2. DaRenCa guidelines
  3. Freed SZ, Halperin JP, Gordon M. Idiopathic regression of metastases from renal cell carcinoma. The Journal of urology. 977;118(4):538–42.
  4. Axel Bex et al. Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients with Synchronous Metastatic Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2018; 74: 805-809
  5. DaRenCa guidelines, ESMO guideline og Bhindi et al. Systematic Review of the Role of Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in the Targeted Therapy Era and Beyond: An Individualized Approach to Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol; 2019: 111-128

Reference 4.2

  1. Delacroix SE, Wood CG, Jonasch E. Renal neoplasia. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Yu ASL, et al., eds. Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2012:1508–1535.
  2. Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Bex A, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2016 update. European Association of Urology. https://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma/. Accessed June 25, 2016.
  3. Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO Clinical Practise Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2014;25 suppl 3:iii49-iii56,
  4. Pili R, Kauffman E, Rodriguez R. Cancer of the kidney. In: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2014:1416-1444.e5. Chapter 82.
  5. Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B. Renal cell carcinoma. Lancet. 2009;373: 1119-1132.
  6. Banumathy G, Cairns P. Cancer Biol Ther 2010;10:658–64

Reference 4.3

  1. DaRenCa guidelines
  2. Overall survival by clinical risk category for high dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) treated patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC): data from the PROCLAIMsm registry. Fishman et al. J Immunother Cancer. 2019.)
  3. Current status and future directions of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma. Considine B & Hurwithz M. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019.
  4. Cancerimmunterapi, Kjelden JW et al. Ugeskrift for læger. 2018
  5. Tumour Immunotherapy Directed at PD-1. Ribas A. NEJM 2012.)
  6. Immunterapi er kræftbehandling med en helt ny bivirkningsprofil. Kondrup et al. Ugeskrift for læger. 2017.
  7. Ribas A. NEJM 2012

Reference 4.4

  1. The Danish Cancer Society
  2. DaRenCa guideline
  3. ESMO guidelines

Reference 4.5

  1. Kidney Cancer: Toxicity Management, Symptom Control,and Palliative Care. Sinibaldi et al. JCO. 2018
  2. The Danish Cancer Society
  3. Symptomkontrol i palliativ medicin 5. udg., Steen Andersen et al, FADL’s forlag, KBH 2012
Toxicity management

Reference 5.1

  1. Schmidinger M. EJC Suppl 2013; 11:172–191;

Reference 5.2.2

  1. Dobbin et al, Heart 2018
  2. Cardiology company’s website

Reference 5.2.7

  1. Brown R; Targeted therapy 2011 V6
  2. Danish Endocrinology Society’s website

Reference 5.3

  1. Poskow et al, NEJM 2018
  2. Haanen JB et al, ann oncol, 2017;28;IV 119–141
  3. Brahmer JR et, JCO 2018
  4. Nagai et al, Int J Clin Oncol 2018
  5. Immunotherapy is cancer treatment with a completely new adverse reaction profile. Kondrup et al. The Danish medical journal, Ugeskrift for læger. 2017
  6. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practise Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.
  7. Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities, Version 1,2019; Thompson JA. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019.)
  8. Champiat et al, Ann Oncol 2016
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